An ecological restoration project in Kashmir should begin by identifying the ecosystem it is intended to recover. A wet meadow, a stream bank and a woodland need different conditions. Planting trees on all three would overlook those differences.
Define the intended recovery
The Society for Ecological Restoration uses reference ecosystems to guide restoration. These help describe the species, structure and ecological processes appropriate to a place; they are not simply photographs of attractive landscapes. [1]
For a local project, compare the site with relevant nearby habitat, historical records and specialist observations. Record what is known and what remains uncertain. A degraded appearance alone does not establish which intervention is appropriate.
Address the cause of damage
Identify the pressure preventing recovery before specifying planting. The first action may involve reducing trampling, restoring a disrupted flow of water or controlling a source of waste. Agree how the land will be managed afterwards.
Set a small number of observable objectives, such as renewed natural regeneration or reduced exposed soil. Keep planting totals separate from evidence that the habitat is recovering.
Sources and further reading
- Society for Ecological RestorationInternational principles and standards for ecological restoration, third edition
- SER AustralasiaRestoration standards: glossary